Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

According to Carl Rogers, what measures the alignment between self-concept and actual experience?

1. Authenticity

2. Congruence

3. Self-actualization

4. Self-identity

The correct answer is: Congruence

The concept of congruence in Carl Rogers' theory of personality is pivotal in understanding the alignment between an individual's self-concept and their actual experiences. Congruence refers to the degree of harmony between a person's self-perception — how they view themselves, their values, and their beliefs — and their lived experiences or behaviors. When there is a high level of congruence, individuals feel authentic and at peace with themselves, leading to personal growth and psychological well-being. Conversely, incongruence can result in feelings of discomfort, anxiety, and disconnection from one’s true self, often leading to defensive behaviors or psychological distress. By focusing on the importance of congruence, Rogers emphasized the need for individuals to experience their realities honestly and openly to foster self-acceptance and personal growth. This central element of his humanistic approach underscores the significance of genuine experiences in shaping a coherent and positive self-identity.