Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be met first before self-actualization can occur?

1. Esteem needs

2. Safety needs

3. Physiological needs

4. Belongingness and love needs

The correct answer is: Physiological needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is structured as a pyramid, with various needs arranged in a specific order of importance. At the base of the pyramid are the physiological needs, which include the most basic necessities for human survival, such as food, water, warmth, and rest. These foundational needs must be satisfied before individuals can progress to higher levels of the hierarchy. The rationale behind this structure is that without the fulfillment of physiological needs, a person's focus and energy are consumed by the quest to meet these fundamental requirements, leaving little room for higher psychological needs or ambitions. Only after these basic needs are met can individuals effectively address safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and ultimately pursue self-actualization, which is the realization of personal potential and self-fulfillment. Understanding this hierarchy emphasizes the importance of addressing more fundamental requirements before higher-level psychological needs can be recognized and met. Thus, physiological needs are essential precursors to achieving self-actualization.