Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of which two concepts?

1. Motivation and self-esteem

2. Observational learning and self-efficacy

3. Personality traits and environment

4. Unconscious desires and biology

The correct answer is: Observational learning and self-efficacy

In Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, the two central concepts are observational learning and self-efficacy. Observational learning refers to the process through which individuals learn by watching the behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors. This concept highlights the significance of social interactions and modeling in shaping behavior, suggesting that we can acquire new skills and attitudes without direct experience. Self-efficacy, on the other hand, is the belief in one's own abilities to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Bandura posited that this belief significantly influences motivation, behavior, and emotional well-being. Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to take on challenges, persist in the face of setbacks, and ultimately achieve their goals. These two concepts are pivotal in Bandura's framework as they underscore the interplay between personal agency and the social environment, illustrating how people can shape their own learning and behavior through observation and their beliefs about their capabilities.