Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

In personality psychology, what does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to?

1. The belief in one’s own ability to succeed

2. A social trait influencing behavior

3. The inherited characteristics of an individual

4. A mechanism for coping with stress

The correct answer is: The belief in one’s own ability to succeed

The term 'self-efficacy' refers specifically to the belief in one’s own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. This concept, developed by psychologist Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of individual beliefs in influencing behavior and motivation. When a person has high self-efficacy, they are more likely to take on challenges, persevere through difficulties, and ultimately succeed in their endeavors. This self-belief can enhance performance and encourage individuals to set and achieve higher goals. In contrast, the other options describe different concepts. A social trait influencing behavior pertains to factors such as personality traits and social influences on one's actions, rather than self-belief. The inherited characteristics of an individual refers to genetic traits and dispositions that shape personality but do not encompass the self-perceptions involved in self-efficacy. Lastly, a mechanism for coping with stress relates to strategies individuals use to manage stress, which is separate from the foundational belief in one's capability to navigate challenges. Understanding self-efficacy helps in recognizing its critical role in achieving personal goals and improving overall mental health and resilience.