Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

In trait theory, which type of traits are more superficial and easily observable?

1. Cardinal traits

2. Central traits

3. Surface traits

4. Psychological traits

The correct answer is: Surface traits

In trait theory, surface traits refer to the more observable characteristics that can be easily identified in an individual’s behavior. These traits are often what others notice first and include attributes like sociability, responsiveness, and physical appearance. Surface traits stand in contrast to deeper aspects of personality, which may be less visible and more complex. The concept of surface traits is notable because they can serve as indicators of deeper, underlying traits, though they don't capture the complete picture of an individual's personality. For example, someone who is often seen as friendly and talkative may exhibit surface traits that suggest sociability, but could have deeper central or cardinal traits that inform their behavior more substantially. In the context of trait theory, surface traits are often understood as manifestations of the more stable and less observable traits, which are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of personality. By recognizing surface traits, psychologists can begin to uncover patterns that lead to a fuller understanding of an individual's personality.