Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Milgram's obedience experiments highlighted the influence of what factor on individual behavior?

1. Authority

2. Peer pressure

3. Individual morality

4. Cultural norms

The correct answer is: Authority

Milgram's obedience experiments prominently demonstrated how authority figures significantly influence individual behavior, particularly in situations that conflict with personal morals or ethical standards. In these studies, participants were instructed to administer what they believed were painful electric shocks to a learner, following the direction of an authoritative experimenter. Despite their discomfort and moral objections, many participants complied with the authority figure's orders, highlighting the extent to which authority can compel individuals to act against their own ethical judgments. The findings revealed that the presence and demands of a perceived authority could override personal conscience, suggesting that people are prone to following orders from authority figures even when such orders may lead to harm to others. This has broader implications for understanding human behavior in various societal contexts, such as military service, law enforcement, and organizational settings. Hence, authority stands out as a powerful factor influencing individual actions, as evidenced by the outcomes of Milgram's research.