What concept did Carl Jung introduce that distinguishes his theories from Freud’s?

Carl Jung's introduction of the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes represents a key distinction from Freud's theories. The collective unconscious refers to the part of the unconscious mind that is shared among all humans, containing universal experiences, memories, and symbols inherited from our ancestors. Jung believed that this collective aspect could influence individual behavior and personality, differing fundamentally from Freud's emphasis on personal unconscious experiences rooted primarily in childhood.

Archetypes, which are innate, universal symbols and themes present in the collective unconscious, serve as fundamental components of Jung's psychological framework. These archetypes, such as the Hero, the Mother, and the Wise Old Man, shape human experiences and emotions across cultures. By focusing on these broader, shared elements of psychology, Jung extended the understanding of personality beyond individual experiences, suggesting a more communal narrative that links people through shared symbols and mythological structures.

In contrast, the other options focus on concepts associated largely with Freud. The stages of psychosocial development, the significance of childhood experiences, and the models of the id, ego, and superego derive primarily from Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which centers around the individual’s development through personal conflicts and experiences unique to their life, particularly in early childhood. Jung's theories shift this focus