What does the term "narcissism" mean in the context of personality?

The term "narcissism" in the context of personality refers to an excessive preoccupation with oneself, characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a deep need for admiration. This defining feature encompasses not just self-love, but an overarching belief in one's superiority over others, which can often lead to a lack of empathy and difficulty in maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships.

While individuals with narcissistic traits may appear confident and charismatic, their self-esteem is typically fragile and reliant on external validation. This personality construct can manifest in various behaviors, such as seeking constant admiration, feeling entitled, and often dismissing or minimizing the needs and feelings of others.

In contrast, the other terms provided imply behaviors or traits that do not align with the fundamental aspects of narcissism; empathy, belief in self-improvement, and a focus on community and relationships highlight a more collective and considerate mentality, which stands in stark contrast to the self-centered nature of narcissism. Therefore, identifying excessive self-love and inflated self-importance accurately captures the essence of narcissism within personality theory.