What does the term "self-concept" refer to in personality theory?

The term "self-concept" in personality theory encompasses the perception and understanding that individuals hold about themselves. This includes various aspects such as self-image, self-esteem, and the beliefs that people have regarding their own abilities and qualities. A well-developed self-concept provides a framework for how individuals interact with the world, make decisions, and pursue goals. It is shaped by personal experiences, societal influences, and feedback from others, contributing significantly to one's overall personality and behavior.

The other options, while related to psychological concepts, do not encapsulate the comprehensive definition of self-concept. Psychological adjustment pertains to how well individuals cope with stress and challenges in life but does not specifically address their self-perception. Emotional regulation refers to the ways individuals manage their emotions, which is a skill tied to self-awareness but not synonymous with self-concept itself. Lastly, the influence of social media is a contemporary factor that may impact self-concept; however, it does not define what self-concept is. Thus, the focus of the definition is correctly placed on the individual’s perception and understanding of themselves.