Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

What is a primary focus of cognitive theories of personality?

1. Biological predispositions

2. Observable behaviors

3. Thought processes and perceptions

4. Social interactions

The correct answer is: Thought processes and perceptions

Cognitive theories of personality concentrate on the internal thought processes and mental representations that shape an individual's personality. This perspective posits that how people think, perceive, and interpret their experiences greatly influences their feelings and behaviors. Cognitive theorists argue that personality is developed through cognitive structures such as beliefs, attitudes, and schema, which guide how individuals react to their environment. By emphasizing thought processes, this approach helps in understanding differences in behavior stemming from varying cognitive styles and perceptions. In contrast, other perspectives such as biological predispositions focus on genetic or physiological factors, while observable behavior theories emphasize external factors and actions without considering the underlying mental processes. Social interactions might also contribute to personality but are not the primary focus of cognitive theories, which center more on the processes within the individual's mind. Thus, cognitive theories provide insight into the importance of cognition in shaping personality traits and behaviors.