Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

What is the primary focus of psychodynamic theory?

1. Behavioral responses

2. Unconscious motives and conflicts

3. Genetic influences

4. Adaptive behaviors

The correct answer is: Unconscious motives and conflicts

The primary focus of psychodynamic theory is on unconscious motives and conflicts. This approach, which is primarily associated with the work of Sigmund Freud, posits that much of human behavior is influenced by unconscious processes. Psychodynamic theorists believe that unresolved conflicts from childhood can shape an individual's personality and behaviors in adulthood. According to this theory, individuals carry inner struggles and conflicting feelings that originate from their past experiences, which may manifest in various ways such as anxiety, depression, or other psychological issues. Uncovering these unconscious motives through techniques like free association and dream analysis is a critical aspect of psychodynamic therapy. The other options represent distinct elements of different psychological theories. Behavioral responses focus more on observable behavior rather than underlying motivations. Genetic influences are the concern of biological theories, which emphasize hereditary factors in personality. Adaptive behaviors are central to cognitive and behavioral approaches, which deal with how individuals adjust their actions in response to environmental demands. Thus, psychodynamic theory's dedication to exploring the complexities of the unconscious mind sets it apart.