Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which concept is closely associated with social learning theory?

1. Operant conditioning

2. Interpersonal relationships

3. Vicarious reinforcement

4. Genetic predisposition

The correct answer is: Vicarious reinforcement

The concept closely associated with social learning theory is vicarious reinforcement. Social learning theory, primarily developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. A foundational idea in this theory is that individuals can learn not just through direct experience but also by watching the behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors. Vicarious reinforcement occurs when an individual observes another person being rewarded for a behavior, which can influence the observer's future behavior. For example, if a child sees a peer being praised for sharing toys, the child may be motivated to share as well, even though they have not experienced the reinforcement directly. This concept highlights the role of observational learning in the development of behavior and personality. In contrast, while operant conditioning focuses on the direct relationship between behaviors and their consequences through reinforcement or punishment, it does not encompass the observational aspect of learning. Interpersonal relationships, though important in understanding social dynamics, are not the primary focus of social learning theory. Genetic predisposition pertains to inherited traits and does not align with the learning processes emphasized in social learning.