Which defense mechanism involves pushing distressing thoughts out of consciousness?

The defense mechanism that involves pushing distressing thoughts out of consciousness is repression. This psychological process acts as an unconscious method where the mind automatically blocks out memories, feelings, or thoughts that are considered too painful or uncomfortable to face at a conscious level. For instance, an individual who has experienced trauma might not remember the details of the event because the mind represses these memories to protect the individual from emotional distress.

Repression differs from suppression, which is a conscious decision to ignore distressing thoughts or feelings, indicating a level of awareness and control over the cognitive process. Additionally, displacement involves redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one, and rationalization seeks to justify or explain behaviors and feelings in a logical manner to avoid the discomfort associated with them. In contrast, repression operates unconsciously and emphasizes the mind's ability to manage overwhelming emotions by relegating them to a part of consciousness that is not readily accessible.