Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which of the following is not a defense mechanism identified by Freud?

1. Repression

2. Sublimation

3. Transference

4. Self-actualization

The correct answer is: Self-actualization

The concept of self-actualization is not a defense mechanism identified by Freud. Self-actualization refers to the realization of one's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, and peak experiences. This concept is primarily associated with humanistic psychologists, notably Abraham Maslow, rather than Freud. In contrast, repression, sublimation, and transference are all defense mechanisms that Freud described within his psychoanalytic theory. Repression involves unconsciously blocking out painful or threatening thoughts and memories. Sublimation is a process where socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behaviors, serving as a constructive channel for instinctual drives. Transference refers to the phenomenon where clients project feelings and attitudes from past relationships onto the therapist, which can be a significant element in the therapeutic process. These mechanisms, according to Freud, serve to protect the individual from anxiety and conflict stemming from unconscious desires.