Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which of the following theories of personality emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping behavior?

1. Trait theory

2. Psychoanalytic theory

3. Humanistic theory

4. Social cognitive theory

The correct answer is: Psychoanalytic theory

Psychoanalytic theory is the correct answer because it fundamentally posits that unconscious conflicts, primarily stemming from childhood experiences, play a crucial role in influencing an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors throughout their life. This theory, originally developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes how repressed memories, desires, and instincts can manifest in various ways, contributing to personality development and behavioral patterns. It suggests that understanding these unconscious processes is essential for addressing psychological issues and gaining insight into one’s personality. In contrast, trait theory focuses on identifying and measuring individual personality traits rather than exploring unconscious motivations. Humanistic theory places emphasis on personal growth and self-actualization, highlighting conscious experiences rather than unconscious influences. Social cognitive theory centers on the role of observational learning and social experiences in shaping personality, making it less concerned with internal conflicts. Thus, the unique focus of psychoanalytic theory on the unconscious aligns it closely with the question posed.