Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which option is a key element of humanistic theory?

1. Focus on unconscious processes

2. Self-actualization and personal growth

3. Behavior reinforcement

4. Cognitive distortions

The correct answer is: Self-actualization and personal growth

Self-actualization and personal growth are central components of humanistic theory, which emphasizes the inherent potential of individuals to grow, develop, and achieve their fullest capabilities. This approach, championed by theorists like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, posits that people have an innate desire to work towards personal fulfillment and make meaningful choices in life. In humanistic psychology, self-actualization refers to the process of realizing one’s potential and seeking personal growth beyond basic needs, ultimately leading to a more authentic and fulfilling life. Humanistic theory contrasts with other psychological perspectives, such as psychoanalysis, which emphasizes unconscious processes, and behaviorism, which focuses on external factors like reinforcement and observable behaviors. By prioritizing self-actualization, humanistic theory encourages a more holistic understanding of individuals, viewing them through the lens of their experiences, emotions, and aspirations, rather than just their actions or unconscious motivations.