Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which psychological theory places the greatest emphasis on personal growth and human potential?

1. Behaviorism

2. Trait theory

3. Humanistic theory

4. Psychoanalytic theory

The correct answer is: Humanistic theory

Humanistic theory places the greatest emphasis on personal growth and human potential by focusing on the individual's inherent drive to achieve self-actualization and realize their fullest potential. This perspective emerged as a reaction to the more deterministic views held by behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory, which often emphasized external influences or unconscious motivations over personal agency and conscious decision-making. Prominent figures in humanistic psychology, such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, highlighted concepts such as unconditional positive regard, self-esteem, and the hierarchy of needs, illustrating how fulfilling basic needs can lead to higher levels of psychological health and ultimately self-actualization. This theory advocates for a holistic approach, viewing individuals as capable of growth and improvement within supportive environments. In contrast, behaviorism primarily focuses on observable behaviors and the influence of the environment, often ignoring the subjective experiences that contribute to personal growth. Trait theory analyzes specific personality characteristics but does not inherently advocate for the development of potential in the same way that humanistic theory does. Psychoanalytic theory, while rich in understanding the unconscious mind, tends to emphasize internal conflicts and past experiences, rather than actively promoting personal growth and the pursuit of potential. Thus, humanistic theory distinctly stands out for its focus on empowering individuals to achieve their personal best and embrace