Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of unconscious fears and desires, as well as the collective unconscious?

1. Behaviorism

2. Humanistic psychology

3. Psychoanalytic theory

4. Trait theory

The correct answer is: Psychoanalytic theory

Psychoanalytic theory is rooted in the ideas proposed by Sigmund Freud, which assert that unconscious processes significantly influence human behavior and personality. This theory posits that many of our thoughts, feelings, and motivations are buried in the unconscious mind and can stem from unresolved conflicts, fears, and desires that often originate in childhood. The concept of the collective unconscious, introduced by Carl Jung, expands on Freud's ideas by suggesting that there are shared memories and archetypal images common to all humanity, influencing our experiences and interactions. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the deeper layers of the mind, which include both individual and collective aspects of unconscious influences. By focusing on these unconscious elements, psychoanalytic theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding personality development and the underlying issues that drive behavior, distinguishing it from other theories in psychology that may emphasize observable behaviors, human potential, or specific traits.