Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which theory of personality is most concerned with the role of the unconscious?

1. Trait theory

2. Behaviorism

3. Psychoanalytic theory

4. Humanistic theory

The correct answer is: Psychoanalytic theory

Psychoanalytic theory is primarily focused on the role of the unconscious mind in shaping human behavior and personality. Developed by Sigmund Freud, this theory posits that unconscious thoughts, desires, and memories significantly influence our actions, feelings, and interactions. Freud introduced concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, which represent different aspects of the mind that operate largely outside of conscious awareness and drive behaviors. The emphasis on the unconscious differentiates psychoanalytic theory from other personality theories. For instance, while trait theory categorizes individuals based on measurable personality traits, and behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and their environmental triggers, these theories do not give significant consideration to unconscious influences. Similarly, humanistic theory emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization but tends to focus on conscious experiences rather than unconscious processes. Thus, psychoanalytic theory stands out for its deep exploration of how the unconscious mind affects personality development and functioning.