Theory of Personality (D564) Practice Exam

Which type of traits are considered the most dominant and pervasive according to Allport's trait theory?

1. Cardinal traits

2. Central traits

3. Surface traits

4. Stable traits

The correct answer is: Cardinal traits

In Allport's trait theory, cardinal traits are recognized as the most dominant and pervasive characteristics that fundamentally shape an individual's behavior and personality. These traits are so central to a person's identity that they often serve as a guiding force in their life, influencing their decisions, interactions, and overall outlook. Cardinal traits are distinctive and unique to an individual, often representing a core motivation or driving force. For example, someone with a cardinal trait of generosity might consistently engage in selfless acts and prioritize helping others throughout their life. Because of their powerful influence, cardinal traits are recognizable in various situations and significantly impact how a person is perceived by others. While central traits are essential and form the foundation of personality, they are not as all-encompassing as cardinal traits. Central traits describe a range of behaviors and attitudes that are characteristic of a person but might not dominate every action or thought. Surface traits relate to observable behaviors and can change in different contexts, which is less indicative of one's core personality. Stable traits are typically understood as constant characteristics but do not capture the same level of dominance and influence as cardinal traits. Thus, in the context of Allport's framework, cardinal traits stand out as the most profound and influential elements of personality, guiding a person's overarching life