Who developed the theory of personality types based on the four temperaments?

The theory of personality types based on the four temperaments was developed by Hippocrates, who lived in ancient Greece. He proposed that personality could be categorized according to four fundamental temperaments, which are sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. This model suggested that these temperaments were linked to bodily fluids and influenced an individual's behavior and personality traits. The four temperaments have persisted throughout history, influencing later psychological theories and personality frameworks.

In contrast, Sigmund Freud focused on the unconscious mind and the structure of personality with his model of id, ego, and superego. Carl Jung contributed to personality theory through concepts like archetypes and introversion/extraversion, but his ideas were distinct from the four temperament model. Abraham Maslow is best known for his hierarchy of needs and self-actualization, rather than a typology of personality traits.